Product Description
Machinery Part Transmission Spline Gear Shaft
CICTIC has manufactured many kinds of forged shafts, including forged roller, support roller forged shafts, thrust roller forged shafts, forged pinion shaft with gears both mounted to the shaft and as a part of the shaft, and other more kinds of forged shafts.
Features:
1. Material: stainless steel, carbon steel, alloy steel and as your requests
2. Standard: ANSI, API, ASTM, BSI, DIN, GB, ISO, JIS and more standards.
3. Mechanical Properties: customized requirements are accepted.
4. Hardness: customized requirements are accepted.
5. Surface treatment: rust preventive oil and according to your requirements.
6. Application: mainly used in various machinery equipment in the fields of mining, metallurgical, chemical industry, construction, and so on
7. QA and DOC: chemical composition report, mechanical properties report, UT report, PT report, heat treatment report, dimensions check report, hardness report and more
We can offer third party inspection.
8. Process: raw material purchasing – forging – rough machining(rough hobbing) – heat treatment – semi machining (semi final hobbing) – hardening of tooth surfaces – finish machining(gear grinding) – painting and packing. Various process conditions are available.
9. Certificates: ISO 9001:2008
10. Products ability: Max module:45
11. Heat treatment: quenching and tempering, normalizing and tempering.
12. Tooth surface treatment: carburizing and quenching, surface quenching
13. QC: fabrication schedule, fabrication process chart, inspection and test plan
14. Packing: coated with rust preventive oil, seaworthy packing
Advantages:
1. More than 30 years experience
2. ISO9001:2008 Standard certified
3. Custom-made design
4. All seamless forged
5. Strict quality control
6. Prompt delivery
Parameters:
| Name | Gear Shaft |
| Material | Forging carbon steel, forging alloy steel |
| Diameter | Max. 2m |
| Length | Max. 20m |
| Module | Max. 45 |
Main Manufacturing Machines:
RFQ:
Q: Are you trading company or manufacturer?
A: we are manufacturer.
Q: How long is your delivery time?
A: Generally it is 5-10 days,if the goods are in stock,or it is 20-30days if the good are not in stock it is according to quantity.
Q: Does your company provide samples? It is free or extra?
A: Our samples are charged according to the circumstances and can be supplied free of charge if the cost is low, but the freight will be paid by the buyer.
Q: Could you customized for me?
A: Sure,we can supply OEM service as per your drawing or samples.
/* March 10, 2571 17:59:20 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| Material: | Tailored Design |
|---|---|
| Load: | Central Spindle |
| Stiffness & Flexibility: | Stiffness / Rigid Axle |
| Journal Diameter Dimensional Accuracy: | as Requirement |
| Axis Shape: | Straight Shaft |
| Shaft Shape: | Stepped Shaft |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
How do spline shafts handle variations in torque and rotational force?
Spline shafts are designed to handle variations in torque and rotational force in mechanical systems. Here’s a detailed explanation:
1. Interlocking Splines:
Spline shafts have a series of interlocking splines along their length. These splines engage with corresponding splines on the mating component, such as gears or couplings. The interlocking design ensures a secure and robust connection, capable of transmitting torque and rotational force.
2. Load Distribution:
When torque is applied to a spline shaft, the load is distributed across the entire engagement surface of the splines. This helps to minimize stress concentrations and prevents localized wear or failure. The load distribution capability of spline shafts allows them to handle variations in torque and rotational force effectively.
3. Material Selection:
Spline shafts are typically made from materials with high strength and durability, such as alloy steels. The material selection is crucial in handling variations in torque and rotational force. It ensures that the spline shaft can withstand the applied loads without deformation or failure.
4. Spline Profile:
The design of the spline profile also contributes to the handling of torque variations. The spline profile determines the contact area and the distribution of forces along the splines. By optimizing the spline profile, manufacturers can enhance the load-carrying capacity and improve the ability of the spline shaft to handle variations in torque.
5. Surface Finish and Lubrication:
Proper surface finish and lubrication play a crucial role in the performance of spline shafts. A smooth surface finish reduces friction and wear, while suitable lubrication minimizes heat generation and ensures smooth operation. These factors help in handling variations in torque and rotational force by reducing the impact of friction and wear on the spline engagement.
6. Design Considerations:
Engineers take several design considerations into account to ensure spline shafts can handle variations in torque and rotational force. These considerations include appropriate spline dimensions, tooth profile geometry, spline fit tolerance, and the selection of mating components. By carefully designing the spline shaft and its mating components, engineers can optimize the system’s performance and reliability.
7. Overload Protection:
In some applications, spline shafts may be equipped with overload protection mechanisms. These mechanisms, such as shear pins or torque limiters, are designed to disconnect the drive temporarily or slip when the torque exceeds a certain threshold. This protects the spline shaft and other components from damage due to excessive torque.
Overall, spline shafts handle variations in torque and rotational force through their interlocking splines, load distribution capability, appropriate material selection, optimized spline profiles, surface finish, lubrication, design considerations, and, in some cases, overload protection mechanisms. These features ensure efficient torque transmission and enable spline shafts to withstand the demands of various mechanical systems.
How do spline shafts handle variations in environmental conditions?
Spline shafts are designed to handle variations in environmental conditions and maintain their performance and reliability. Here’s a detailed explanation:
1. Temperature Variations:
Spline shafts are engineered to withstand a wide range of temperature variations. They are constructed from materials that exhibit good thermal stability, such as high-grade steels or alloys. These materials have low coefficients of thermal expansion, minimizing the effects of temperature changes on the shaft’s dimensional stability. Additionally, proper lubrication with temperature-resistant lubricants helps reduce friction and wear in the spline engagement, even under extreme temperature conditions.
2. Moisture and Corrosion Resistance:
Spline shafts can be designed to resist moisture and corrosion, ensuring their performance in humid or corrosive environments. Protective coatings, such as platings or surface treatments, can be applied to the shaft’s surfaces to enhance their resistance to moisture, oxidation, and corrosion. Additionally, selecting materials with inherent corrosion resistance, such as stainless steel or specialized alloys, can further enhance the spline shaft’s ability to handle environmental conditions.
3. Dust and Contaminant Protection:
Spline shafts used in environments with high levels of dust, dirt, or contaminants can be equipped with protective measures. Seals, gaskets, or covers can be employed to prevent the ingress of particles into the spline engagement. These protective measures help maintain the integrity of the spline profile, minimize wear, and ensure smooth operation even in dirty or dusty conditions.
4. Lubrication and Maintenance:
Proper lubrication is essential for the reliable operation of spline shafts, especially in challenging environmental conditions. Lubricants with appropriate viscosity and additives can be selected to provide effective lubrication and protection against wear, friction, and corrosion. Regular maintenance and lubrication intervals should be followed to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the spline shaft.
5. Shock and Vibration Resistance:
Spline shafts are designed to withstand shock and vibration encountered in various applications. The spline engagement and shaft design can incorporate features such as tighter tolerances, increased contact area, or damping elements to minimize the effects of shock and vibration. Additionally, proper fastening and mounting techniques help secure the shaft and reduce the risk of loosening or failure due to dynamic loads.
6. Environmental Sealing:
In certain applications where spline shafts are exposed to harsh environmental conditions, such as underwater or in chemical environments, environmental sealing can be employed. Sealing methods such as O-rings, gaskets, or specialized seals provide an additional barrier against external elements, ensuring the integrity and performance of the spline shaft.
7. Compliance with Standards:
Spline shafts used in specific industries or applications may need to comply with industry standards or regulations regarding environmental conditions. Manufacturers can design and test their spline shafts to meet these requirements, ensuring that the shafts can handle the specified environmental conditions and perform reliably.
By incorporating design considerations, appropriate materials, protective coatings, lubrication, and maintenance practices, spline shafts can effectively handle variations in environmental conditions. This enables them to maintain their functionality, performance, and longevity even in challenging operating environments.
What are the key components and design features of a spline shaft?
A spline shaft consists of several key components and incorporates specific design features to ensure its functionality and performance. Here’s a detailed explanation:
1. Shaft Body:
The main component of a spline shaft is the shaft body, which provides the structural integrity and serves as the base for the spline features. The shaft body is typically cylindrical in shape and made from materials such as steel, stainless steel, or other alloyed metals. The material selection depends on factors like the application requirements, torque loads, and environmental conditions.
2. Splines:
The splines are the key design feature of a spline shaft. They are ridges or teeth that are machined onto the surface of the shaft. The splines create the interlocking mechanism with mating components, allowing for torque transmission and relative movement. The number, size, and shape of the splines can vary depending on the application requirements and design specifications.
3. Spline Profile:
The spline profile refers to the specific shape or geometry of the splines. Common types of spline profiles include involute, straight-sided, and serrated. The spline profile is chosen based on factors such as the torque transmission requirements, load distribution, and the desired engagement characteristics with mating components. The spline profile ensures optimal contact and torque transfer between the spline shaft and the mating component.
4. Spline Fit:
The spline fit refers to the dimensional relationship between the spline shaft and the mating component. It determines the clearance or interference between the splines, ensuring proper engagement and transmission of torque. The spline fit can be categorized into different classes, such as clearance fit, transition fit, or interference fit, based on the desired level of clearance or interference.
5. Surface Finish:
The surface finish of the spline shaft is crucial for its performance. The splines and the shaft body should have a smooth and consistent surface finish to minimize friction, wear, and the risk of stress concentrations. The surface finish can be achieved through machining, grinding, or other surface treatment methods to meet the required specifications.
6. Lubrication:
To ensure smooth operation and reduce wear, lubrication is often employed for spline shafts. Lubricants with appropriate viscosity and lubricating properties are applied to the spline interface to minimize friction, dissipate heat, and prevent premature wear or damage to the splines and mating components. Lubrication also helps in maintaining the functionality and prolonging the service life of the spline shaft.
7. Machining Tolerances:
Precision machining is critical for spline shafts to achieve the required dimensional accuracy and ensure proper engagement with mating components. Tight machining tolerances are maintained during the manufacturing process to ensure the spline profile, dimensions, and surface finish meet the specified design requirements. This ensures the interchangeability and compatibility of spline shafts in various applications.
In summary, the key components and design features of a spline shaft include the shaft body, splines, spline profile, spline fit, surface finish, lubrication, and machining tolerances. These elements work together to enable torque transmission, relative movement, and load distribution while ensuring the functionality, durability, and performance of the spline shaft.
editor by CX 2024-01-10
China Professional Non Standard Customizable Gear Shaft Spline Shaft Drive Shaft for Mechanical Transmission System Automobile Machinery
Product Description
Product Description
|
Company Profile
HangZhou Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd., located in HangZhou, “China’s ancient copper capital”, is a “national high-tech enterprise”. At the beginning of its establishment, the company adhering to the “to provide clients with high quality products, to provide timely service” concept, adhere to the “everything for the customer, make customer excellent supplier” for the mission.
Certifications
Q: Where is your company located ?
A: HangZhou ZheJiang .
Q: How could l get a sample?
A: Before we received the first order, please afford the sample cost and express fee. we will return the sample cost back
to you within your first order.
Q: Sample time?
A: Existing items: within 20-60 days.
Q: Whether you could make our brand on your products?
A: Yes. We can print your Logo on both the products and the packages if you can meet our MOQ.
Q: How to guarantee the quality of your products?
A: 1) stict detection during production. 2) Strict completely inspecion on products before shipment and intact product
packaging ensured.
Q: lf my drawings are safe?
A: Yes ,we can CHINAMFG NDA.
/* March 10, 2571 17:59:20 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| Material: | Carbon Steel |
|---|---|
| Load: | Drive Shaft |
| Stiffness & Flexibility: | Stiffness / Rigid Axle |
| Journal Diameter Dimensional Accuracy: | OEM/ODM/Customized |
| Axis Shape: | Straight Shaft |
| Shaft Shape: | OEM/ODM/Customized |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
How do spline shafts handle variations in torque and rotational force?
Spline shafts are designed to handle variations in torque and rotational force in mechanical systems. Here’s a detailed explanation:
1. Interlocking Splines:
Spline shafts have a series of interlocking splines along their length. These splines engage with corresponding splines on the mating component, such as gears or couplings. The interlocking design ensures a secure and robust connection, capable of transmitting torque and rotational force.
2. Load Distribution:
When torque is applied to a spline shaft, the load is distributed across the entire engagement surface of the splines. This helps to minimize stress concentrations and prevents localized wear or failure. The load distribution capability of spline shafts allows them to handle variations in torque and rotational force effectively.
3. Material Selection:
Spline shafts are typically made from materials with high strength and durability, such as alloy steels. The material selection is crucial in handling variations in torque and rotational force. It ensures that the spline shaft can withstand the applied loads without deformation or failure.
4. Spline Profile:
The design of the spline profile also contributes to the handling of torque variations. The spline profile determines the contact area and the distribution of forces along the splines. By optimizing the spline profile, manufacturers can enhance the load-carrying capacity and improve the ability of the spline shaft to handle variations in torque.
5. Surface Finish and Lubrication:
Proper surface finish and lubrication play a crucial role in the performance of spline shafts. A smooth surface finish reduces friction and wear, while suitable lubrication minimizes heat generation and ensures smooth operation. These factors help in handling variations in torque and rotational force by reducing the impact of friction and wear on the spline engagement.
6. Design Considerations:
Engineers take several design considerations into account to ensure spline shafts can handle variations in torque and rotational force. These considerations include appropriate spline dimensions, tooth profile geometry, spline fit tolerance, and the selection of mating components. By carefully designing the spline shaft and its mating components, engineers can optimize the system’s performance and reliability.
7. Overload Protection:
In some applications, spline shafts may be equipped with overload protection mechanisms. These mechanisms, such as shear pins or torque limiters, are designed to disconnect the drive temporarily or slip when the torque exceeds a certain threshold. This protects the spline shaft and other components from damage due to excessive torque.
Overall, spline shafts handle variations in torque and rotational force through their interlocking splines, load distribution capability, appropriate material selection, optimized spline profiles, surface finish, lubrication, design considerations, and, in some cases, overload protection mechanisms. These features ensure efficient torque transmission and enable spline shafts to withstand the demands of various mechanical systems.
How do spline shafts contribute to precise and consistent rotation?
Spline shafts play a crucial role in achieving precise and consistent rotation in mechanical systems. Here’s how spline shafts contribute to these characteristics:
1. Interlocking Design:
Spline shafts feature a series of ridges or teeth, known as splines, that interlock with corresponding grooves or slots in mating components. This interlocking design ensures a positive connection between the shaft and the mating part, allowing for precise and consistent rotation. The engagement between the splines provides resistance to axial and radial movement, minimizing play or backlash that can introduce inaccuracies in rotation.
2. Load Distribution:
The interlocking engagement of spline shafts allows for effective load distribution along the length of the shaft. This helps distribute the applied torque evenly, reducing stress concentrations and minimizing the risk of localized deformation or failure. By distributing the load, spline shafts contribute to consistent rotation and prevent excessive wear on specific areas of the shaft or the mating components.
3. Torque Transmission:
Spline shafts are specifically designed to transmit torque efficiently from one component to another. The close fit between the splines ensures a high torque-carrying capacity, enabling the shaft to transfer rotational force without significant power loss. This efficient torque transmission contributes to precise and consistent rotation, allowing for accurate positioning and motion control in various applications.
4. Rigidity and Stiffness:
Spline shafts are typically constructed from materials with high rigidity and stiffness, such as steel or alloy. This inherent rigidity helps maintain the dimensional integrity of the shaft and minimizes deflection or bending under load. By providing a stable and stiff rotational axis, spline shafts contribute to precise and consistent rotation, particularly in applications that require tight tolerances or high-speed operation.
5. Alignment and Centering:
The interlocking nature of spline shafts aids in the alignment and centering of rotating components. The splines ensure proper positioning and orientation of the shaft relative to the mating part, facilitating concentric rotation. This alignment helps prevent wobbling, vibrations, and eccentricity, which can adversely affect rotation accuracy and consistency.
6. Lubrication and Wear Reduction:
Proper lubrication of spline shafts is essential for maintaining precise and consistent rotation. Lubricants reduce friction between the mating surfaces, minimizing wear and preventing stick-slip phenomena that can cause irregular rotation. The use of lubrication also helps dissipate heat generated during operation, ensuring optimal performance and longevity of the spline shaft.
By incorporating interlocking design, load distribution, efficient torque transmission, rigidity, alignment, and lubrication, spline shafts contribute to precise and consistent rotation in mechanical systems. Their reliable and accurate rotational characteristics make them suitable for a wide range of applications, from automotive and aerospace to machinery and robotics.
How does a spline shaft differ from other types of shafts?
A spline shaft differs from other types of shafts in several ways. Here’s a detailed explanation:
1. Spline Structure:
A spline shaft features a series of ridges or teeth (splines) that are machined onto its surface. These splines create a precise and controlled interface with mating components, allowing for torque transmission and relative movement. In contrast, other types of shafts, such as plain shafts or keyed shafts, do not have the splines and rely on different mechanisms for torque transmission.
2. Torque Transmission and Relative Movement:
Unlike plain shafts or keyed shafts, which transmit torque through a frictional or mechanical connection, spline shafts allow for both torque transmission and relative movement between the shaft and mating components. The splines on the shaft engage with corresponding splines on the mating component, creating an interlock that transfers rotational force while accommodating axial or radial displacement. This feature provides flexibility and is particularly useful in applications where misalignment or relative movement needs to be accommodated.
3. Load Distribution:
One of the advantages of spline shafts is their ability to distribute loads over a larger surface area. The multiple contact points created by the splines help distribute the applied load evenly along the shaft’s length. This load distribution minimizes stress concentrations and reduces the risk of premature wear or failure. In contrast, other types of shafts may rely on a single keyway or frictional contact, which can result in higher stress concentrations and limited load distribution.
4. Design Flexibility:
Spline shafts offer greater design flexibility compared to other types of shafts. The number, size, and shape of the splines can be customized to meet specific design requirements. This allows for optimization of torque transmission, load-bearing capacity, and relative movement characteristics based on the application’s needs. Other types of shafts may have more standardized designs and limited customization options.
5. Application Variability:
Spline shafts find widespread use in various industries and applications where torque transmission, relative movement, and load distribution are crucial. They are commonly employed in gearboxes, power transmission systems, steering mechanisms, and other rotational systems. Other types of shafts, such as plain shafts or keyed shafts, may be more suitable for applications that require simpler torque transmission without the need for relative movement.
6. Installation and Maintenance:
When compared to other types of shafts, spline shafts may require more precise machining and alignment during installation. The mating components must be accurately matched to ensure proper engagement and torque transfer. Additionally, spline shafts may require periodic inspection and maintenance to ensure the integrity of the splines and optimal performance.
In summary, spline shafts differ from other types of shafts due to their spline structure, ability to accommodate relative movement, load distribution capability, design flexibility, application variability, and specific installation and maintenance requirements. These characteristics make spline shafts well-suited for applications that demand precise torque transmission, flexibility, and load distribution.
editor by CX 2023-12-22
China Non Standard Customizable Gear Shaft & Spline Shaft & Drive Shaft for Mechanical Transmission System Automobile Machinery custom drive shaft shop
Design: CT660, X-BOW
12 months: 2013-2016, 2.00
Vehicle Fitment: CATERPILLAR, KTM
Dimensions: tailored
Content: Metal
Model Variety: tailored
Guarantee: 1 Many years
Packaging Specifics: Neutral paper packaging, picket boxes for outer box or according to customer’s desire.
Port: ZheJiang Port / HangZhou Port
:
(1). All sorts of gears, shaft, gear shaft, precision equipment and CNC equipment. (2). Specialized in production all varieties of automobile transmission component dependent on drawings (3). Content: ductile cast iron, carbon steel, alloy metal , stainless metal, , bronze/brass (4). Modules: M1 to M8 (5). Satisfies ISO, DIN and ASTM standards (6). Specification : In accordance to the the drawing
(7). Certification: ISO/TS16949:2009
| Material | Carbon Steel | SAE1571, RVNMRVNMRW 040 die-situation aluminum worm velocity reducer gearboxs manufacture in china SAE1045, Cr12, 40Cr, Y15Pb, 1214Letc |
| Alloy Steel | 20CrMnTi, 16MnCr5, 20CrMnMo, 41CrMo, 17CrNiMo5etc | |
| Brass/Bronze | HPb59-1, H70, CuZn39Pb2, CuZn40Pb2, C38000, CuZn40etc | |
| Tolerance Control | Outer Diameter | Primarily based on drawing |
| Length Dimension | Primarily based on drawing | |
| Machining Approach | Gear Hobbing, Appropriate angle K S F R sequence bevel helical equipment reducer gearbox Solid hollow Shaft Equipment Milling, Equipment Shaping, Equipment Broaching, Equipment Shaving, Gear Grinding and Gear Lapping | |
| Teeth Accuracy | DIN Course 4, ISO/GB Course 4, AGMA Class 13, JIS Class | |
| Modules | 1., 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2., 2.twenty five, 2.5….8. and so forth | |
| Warmth Remedy | Quenching & value low cost worm gearboxv worm gearbox reducer velocity reducer for motor Tempering, Carburizing & Quenching, Substantial-frequency Hardening, Carbonitriding | |
| Surface Remedy | Blacking, Sprucing, Anodization, Chrome Plating, Zinc Plating, Nickel Plating | |
| Regular | 1. DIN, ISO/GB, AGMA, JIS,ISO/TS16949:2009 | |
What Are the Advantages of a Splined Shaft?
If you are looking for the right splined shaft for your machine, you should know a few important things. First, what type of material should be used? Stainless steel is usually the most appropriate choice, because of its ability to offer low noise and fatigue failure. Secondly, it can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine. Lastly, it will ensure smooth motion. So, what are the advantages of a splined shaft?
Stainless steel is the best material for splined shafts
When choosing a splined shaft, you should consider its hardness, quality, and finish. Stainless steel has superior corrosion and wear resistance. Carbon steel is another good material for splined shafts. Carbon steel has a shallow carbon content (about 1.7%), which makes it more malleable and helps ensure smooth motion. But if you’re not willing to spend the money on stainless steel, consider other options.
There are two main types of splines: parallel splines and crowned splines. Involute splines have parallel grooves and allow linear and rotary motion. Helical splines have involute teeth and are oriented at an angle. This type allows for many teeth on the shaft and minimizes the stress concentration in the stationary joint.
Large evenly spaced splines are widely used in hydraulic systems, drivetrains, and machine tools. They are typically made from carbon steel (CR10) and stainless steel (AISI 304). This material is durable and meets the requirements of ISO 14-B, formerly DIN 5463-B. Splined shafts are typically made of stainless steel or C45 steel, though there are many other materials available.
Stainless steel is the best material for a splined shaft. This metal is also incredibly affordable. In most cases, stainless steel is the best choice for these shafts because it offers the best corrosion resistance. There are many different types of splined shafts, and each one is suited for a particular application. There are also many different types of stainless steel, so choose stainless steel if you want the best quality.
For those looking for high-quality splined shafts, CZPT Spline Shafts offer many benefits. They can reduce costs, improve positional accuracy, and reduce friction. With the CZPT TFE coating, splined shafts can reduce energy and heat buildup, and extend the life of your products. And, they’re easy to install – all you need to do is install them.
They provide low noise, low wear and fatigue failure
The splines in a splined shaft are composed of two main parts: the spline root fillet and the spline relief. The spline root fillet is the most critical part, because fatigue failure starts there and propagates to the relief. The spline relief is more susceptible to fatigue failure because of its involute tooth shape, which offers a lower stress to the shaft and has a smaller area of contact.
The fatigue life of splined shafts is determined by measuring the S-N curve. This is also known as the Wohler curve, and it is the relationship between stress amplitude and number of cycles. It depends on the material, geometry and way of loading. It can be obtained from a physical test on a uniform material specimen under a constant amplitude load. Approximations for low-alloy steel parts can be made using a lower-alloy steel material.
Splined shafts provide low noise, minimal wear and fatigue failure. However, some mechanical transmission elements need to be removed from the shaft during assembly and manufacturing processes. The shafts must still be capable of relative axial movement for functional purposes. As such, good spline joints are essential to high-quality torque transmission, minimal backlash, and low noise. The major failure modes of spline shafts include fretting corrosion, tooth breakage, and fatigue failure.
The outer disc carrier spline is susceptible to tensile stress and fatigue failure. High customer demands for low noise and low wear and fatigue failure makes splined shafts an excellent choice. A fractured spline gear coupling was received for analysis. It was installed near the top of a filter shaft and inserted into the gearbox motor. The service history was unknown. The fractured spline gear coupling had longitudinally cracked and arrested at the termination of the spline gear teeth. The spline gear teeth also exhibited wear and deformation.
A new spline coupling method detects fault propagation in hollow cylindrical splined shafts. A spline coupling is fabricated using an AE method with the spline section unrolled into a metal plate of the same thickness as the cylinder wall. In addition, the spline coupling is misaligned, which puts significant concentration on the spline teeth. This further accelerates the rate of fretting fatigue and wear.
A spline joint should be lubricated after 25 hours of operation. Frequent lubrication can increase maintenance costs and cause downtime. Moreover, the lubricant may retain abrasive particles at the interfaces. In some cases, lubricants can even cause misalignment, leading to premature failure. So, the lubrication of a spline coupling is vital in ensuring proper functioning of the shaft.
The design of a spline coupling can be optimized to enhance its wear resistance and reliability. Surface treatments, loads, and rotation affect the friction properties of a spline coupling. In addition, a finite element method was developed to predict wear of a floating spline coupling. This method is feasible and provides a reliable basis for predicting the wear and fatigue life of a spline coupling.
They can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine
Machines can be used to shape splined shafts in a variety of industries. They are useful in many applications, including gearboxes, braking systems, and axles. A slotted shaft can be manipulated in several ways, including hobbling, broaching, and slotting. In addition to shaping, splines are also useful in reducing bar diameter.
When using a slotting or shaping machine, the workpiece is held against a pedestal that has a uniform thickness. The machine is equipped with a stand column and limiting column (Figure 1), each positioned perpendicular to the upper surface of the pedestal. The limiting column axis is located on the same line as the stand column. During the slotting or shaping process, the tool is fed in and out until the desired space is achieved.
One process involves cutting splines into a shaft. Straddle milling, spline shaping, and spline cutting are two common processes used to create splined shafts. Straddle milling involves a fixed indexing fixture that holds the shaft steady, while rotating milling cutters cut the groove in the length of the shaft. Several passes are required to ensure uniformity throughout the spline.
Splines are a type of gear. The ridges or teeth on the drive shaft mesh with grooves in the mating piece. A splined shaft allows the transmission of torque to a mate piece while maximizing the power transfer. Splines are used in heavy vehicles, construction, agriculture, and massive earthmoving machinery. Splines are used in virtually every type of rotary motion, from axles to transmission systems. They also offer better fatigue life and reliability.
Slotting or shaping machines can also be used to shape splined shafts. Slotting machines are often used to machine splined shafts, because it is easier to make them with these machines. Using a slotting or shaping machine can result in splined shafts of different sizes. It is important to follow a set of spline standards to ensure your parts are manufactured to the highest standards.
A milling machine is another option for producing splined shafts. A spline shaft can be set up between two centers in an indexing fixture. Two side milling cutters are mounted on an arbor and a spacer and shims are inserted between them. The arbor and cutters are then mounted to a milling machine spindle. To make sure the cutters center themselves over the splined shaft, an adjustment must be made to the spindle of the machine.
The machining process is very different for internal and external splines. External splines can be broached, shaped, milled, or hobbed, while internal splines cannot. These machines use hard alloy, but they are not as good for internal splines. A machine with a slotting mechanism is necessary for these operations.
editor by czh 2023-02-19
China High precision pinion gear shaft machinery splined shafts drive shaft shop
Issue: New
Warranty: 1 12 months
Applicable Industries: Garment Stores, Production Plant, Equipment Fix Stores, Retail, Printing Outlets, NMRV worm RV reducer gearbox gearhead Design works , Power & Mining
Bodyweight (KG): thirty
Showroom Place: None
Video outgoing-inspection: Not Accessible
Machinery Check Report: Not Available
Marketing and advertising Sort: Regular Product
Warranty of main parts: 1 Calendar year
Main Parts: Bearing
Framework: Spline
Content: forty five%steel, Aluminium
Coatings: NICKEL
Product name: Air Shaft
Kind: lug kind
Specification: 1-12 Inch
Software: Industrial Products
Characteristic: all specification can be customized
Functioning Theory: Air compress
Knowledge: 14 years
Supply time: 20~30 Working Days
Support: Customized OEM
Right after Guarantee Service: On the web help
Packaging Information: Paper tube or wooden box
Port: HangZhou
| Solution name | Air Shaft |
| Kind | Lug Variety |
| Construction | Flexible |
| Content | 45%metal+Aluminium |
| Color | Silver white |
| Feature | All specification can be personalized |
| Specification | one-12 Inch |
The Lug Type shaft is appropriate for the full variety of changing and internet manufacturing operations. Its rugged development and design and style is available for any diameter or length, in steel, aluminum, Travel Intermediate Shaft for Liana Aerio 27800-54G40 further-light-weight aluminum and lightweight carbon with unique styles offered for large duty and further light-weight purposes. Shaft weights for your particular application are offered on request. Hardened lugs advised for metal core use are also obtainable.
The Leaf Fashion shaft is suited for a complete variety of converting and world wide web generation functions, with a fastened leaf layout for best main and web concentricity. It is ideal for core or coreless winding, and characteristics a 360° radial expanding grip. Its rugged development and style is offered for any diameter or length, in metal, Higher precision substantial pace Picket box packing silent 11kw Integrated screw air compressors for laser cutting aluminum or light-weight carbon, with particular designs available for weighty responsibility and added light-weight purposes. Shaft weights for your certain application are obtainable on ask for.
The External Strip Shaft is excellent for mild and medium obligation unwind or rewind programs. Evenly spaced rows of steady rubber lugs accomplish the gripping action in this type of shaft. The greater location of the exterior lug enables for a larger torque capacity. Complete load carrying capability is some what sacrificed as the outside the house body tube floor is machined away to enable for a number of “T” slots design and style to accommodate the rubber lug. The constant lug design permits for the mounting of a number of cores of any width. The HuiYuan external strip lug shaft is straightforward in construction permitting for each exterior lug strip to be transformed without dismantling the shaft.
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How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings
There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
Involute splines
An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When two splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by five mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to fifty-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows four concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these three components.
Stiffness of coupling
The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using two different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these two methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.
Misalignment
To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
Wear and fatigue failure
The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the three factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.
editor by czh 2023-02-18
China China Customized High Quality 1847 Spline Shaft and Gear Shaft For Industrial Machinery Shaft differential drive shaft
Condition: New
Warranty: 1 Year
Relevant Industries: Resorts, Garment Shops, Constructing Substance Stores, Production Plant, Machinery Fix Outlets, Foods & Beverage Factory, Farms, Restaurant, Home Use, Retail, Foods Shop, Printing Stores, Development works , Power & Mining, Foodstuff & Beverage Retailers, Other, Advertising Firm
Excess weight (KG): 3.five
Showroom Spot: None
Video clip outgoing-inspection: Offered
Equipment Examination Report: Supplied
Advertising and marketing Variety: Regular Solution
Guarantee of core components: 1 12 months
Core Components: Cross Kits
Structure: Shaft
Material: Metal
Coatings: PE
Torque Potential: 3500
Model Amount: OEM
Product Identify: eighteen*forty seven Spline Shaft and Gear Shaft For Industrial Machinery Shaft
Color: Black
Cross Kit: eighteen*47
Length: OEM
Tube: Spline Tube
Yokes: Round Yoke with Keyway
Top quality: 100% Inspection
Software: Industrial Products
Coloration: Black
Deal: Picket Situations
Packaging Particulars: Plastic bag+ Woodencase + According to Customer’s request
Port: ZheJiang or HangZhou
| Model Amount | Industrial Shaft |
| Function | Drive Shaft Parts & Energy Transmission |
| Use | Kinds of Tractors & Farm Implements |
| Brand Name | 9K |
| Yoke Variety | Double press pin,Bolt pins,Split pins,Thrust pin,Rapid release,Ball attachment,Collar….. |
| Processing Of Yoke | Forging |
| Plastic Include | YWBWYS CNC Machining Personalized Excavator Travel Forged Steel Sprocket Conveyor Large Sprocket BSEtc |
| Color | GreenOrangeYellowBlack Ect. |
| Series | T1-T10 L1-L6S6-S1010HP-150HP with SA,RA,SB,SFF,WA,CV And so on |
| Tube Sort | Lemon,Trianglar,Star,Square,Hexangular,Spline,Unique Ect |
| Processing Of Tube | Cold drawn |
| Spline Variety | 1 1/8″ Z61 3/8″ Z6 1 3/8″ Z21 1 3/4″ Z20 1 3/4″ Quick reaction heat nmrv 030 worm wheel 1100 ratio reduction gear motor gearbox Z6 8-38*32*6 8-42*36*7 8-48*forty two*eight |
| Place of Origin | HangZhou, China (Mainland) |
The Functions of Splined Shaft Bearings
Splined shafts are the most common types of bearings for machine tools. They are made of a wide variety of materials, including metals and non-metals such as Delrin and nylon. They are often fabricated to reduce deflection. The tooth profile will become deformed with time, as the shaft is used over a long period of time. Splined shafts are available in a huge range of materials and lengths.
Functions
Splined shafts are used in a variety of applications and industries. They are an effective anti-rotational device, as well as a reliable means of transmitting torque. Other types of shafts are available, including key shafts, but splines are the most convenient for transmitting torque. The following article discusses the functions of splines and why they are a superior choice. Listed below are a few examples of applications and industries in which splines are used.
Splined shafts can be of several styles, depending on the application and mechanical system in question. The differences between splined shaft styles include the design of teeth, overall strength, transfer of rotational concentricity, sliding ability, and misalignment tolerance. Listed below are a few examples of splines, as well as some of their benefits. The difference between these styles is not mutually exclusive; instead, each style has a distinct set of pros and cons.
A splined shaft is a cylindrical shaft with teeth or ridges that correspond to a specific angular position. This allows a shaft to transfer torque while maintaining angular correspondence between tracks. A splined shaft is defined as a cylindrical member with several grooves cut into its circumference. These grooves are equally spaced around the shaft and form a series of projecting keys. These features give the shaft a rounded appearance and allow it to fit perfectly into a grooved cylindrical member.
While the most common applications of splines are for shortening or extending shafts, they can also be used to secure mechanical assemblies. An “involute spline” spline has a groove that is wider than its counterparts. The result is that a splined shaft will resist separation during operation. They are an ideal choice for applications where deflection is an issue.
A spline shaft’s radial torsion load distribution is equally distributed, unless a bevel gear is used. The radial torsion load is evenly distributed and will not exert significant load concentration. If the spline couplings are not aligned correctly, the spline connection can fail quickly, causing significant fretting fatigue and wear. A couple of papers discuss this issue in more detail.
Types
There are many different types of splined shafts. Each type features an evenly spaced helix of grooves on its outer surface. These grooves are either parallel or involute. Their shape allows them to be paired with gears and interchange rotary and linear motion. Splines are often cold-rolled or cut. The latter has increased strength compared to cut spines. These types of shafts are commonly used in applications requiring high strength, accuracy, and smoothness.
Another difference between internal and external splined shafts lies in the manufacturing process. The former is made of wood, while the latter is made of steel or a metal alloy. The process of manufacturing splined shafts involves cutting furrows into the surface of the material. Both processes are expensive and require expert skill. The main advantage of splined shafts is their adaptability to a wide range of applications.
In general, splined shafts are used in machinery where the rotation is transferred to an internal splined member. This member can be a gear or some other rotary device. These types of shafts are often packaged together as a hub assembly. Cleaning and lubricating are essential to the life of these components. If you’re using them on a daily basis, you’ll want to make sure to regularly inspect them.
Crowned splines are usually involute. The teeth of these splines form a spiral pattern. They are used for smaller diameter shafts because they add strength. Involute splines are also used on instrument drives and valve shafts. Serration standards are found in the SAE. Both kinds of splines can also contain a ball bearing for high torque. The difference between the two types of splines is the number of teeth on the shaft.
Internal splines have many advantages over external ones. For example, an internal spline shaft can be made using a grinding wheel instead of a CNC machine. It also uses a more accurate and economical process. Furthermore, it allows for a shorter manufacturing cycle, which is essential when splining high-speed machines. In addition, it stabilizes the relative phase between the spline and thread.
Manufacturing methods
There are several methods used to fabricate a splined shaft. Key and splined shafts are constructed from two separate parts that are shaped in a synchronized manner to transfer torque uniformly. Hot rolling is one method, while cold rolling utilizes low temperatures to form metal. Both methods enhance mechanical properties, surface finishes, and precision. The advantage of cold rolling is its cost-effectiveness.
Cold forming is one method, as well as machining and assembling. Cold forming is a unique process that allows the spline to be shaped to the desired shape. The resulting shape provides maximum contact area and torsional strength. Standard splines are available in standard sizes, but custom lengths can also be ordered. CZPT offers various auxiliary equipment, such as mating sleeves and flanged bushings.
Cold forging is another method. This method produces long splined shafts that are used in automobile propellers. After the spline portion is cut out, it is worked on in a hobbing machine. Work hardening enhances the root strength of the splined portion. It can be used for bearings, gears, and other mechanical components. Listed below are the manufacturing methods for splined shafts.
Parallel splines are the simplest of the splined shaft manufacturing methods. Parallel splines are usually welded to shafts, while involute splines are made of metal or non-metals. Splines are available in a wide variety of lengths and materials. The process is usually accompanied by a process called milling. The workpiece rotates to produce the serrated surface.
Splines are internal or external grooves in a splined shaft. They work in combination with keyways to transfer torque. Male and female splines are used in gears. Female and male splines correspond to one another to ensure proper angular correspondence. Involute splines have more surface area and thus are stronger than external splines. Moreover, they help the shaft fit into a grooved cylindrical member without misalignment.
A variety of other methods of manufacturing a splined shaft can be used to produce a splined shaft. Spline shafts can be produced using broaching and shaping, two precision machining methods. Broaching uses a metal tool with successively larger teeth to remove metal and create ridges and holes in the surface of a material. However, this process is expensive and requires special expertise.
Applications
The splined shaft is a mechanical component with a helix-like shape formed by the equal spacing of grooves in a circular ring. The splines can either have parallel or involute sides. The splines minimize stress concentration in stationary joints and can be used in both rotary and linear motion. In some cases, splines are rolled rather than cut. The latter is more durable than cut splines and is often used in applications requiring high strength, accuracy, and smooth finish.
Splined shafts are commonly made of carbon steel. This alloy steel has a low carbon content, making it easy to work with. Carbon steel is a great choice for splines because it is malleable. Generally, high-quality carbon steel provides a consistent motion. Steel alloys are also available that contain nickel, chromium, copper, and other metals. If you’re unsure of the right material for your application, you can consult a spline chart.
Splines are a versatile mechanical component. They are easy to cut and fit. Splines can be internal or external, with teeth positioned at equal intervals on both sides of the shaft. This allows the shaft to engage with the hub around the entire circumference of the hub. It also increases load capacity by creating a constant multiple-tooth point of contact with the hub. For this reason, they’re used extensively in rotary and linear motion.
Splined shafts are used in a wide variety of industries. CZPT Inc. offers custom and standard splined shafts for a variety of applications. When choosing a splined shaft for a specific application, consider the surrounding mated components, torque requirements, and size requirements. These three factors will make it the ideal choice for your rotary equipment. And you’ll be pleased with the end result!
There are many types of splines and their applications are endless. They transfer torque and angular misalignment between parts, and they also enable the axial rotation of assembled components. Therefore, splines are an essential component of machinery and are used in a wide range of applications. This type of shaft can be found in various types of machines, from household appliances to industrial machinery. So, the next time you’re looking for a splined shaft, make sure you look for a splined one.
editor by czh 2023-02-16
China cast iron Reversible hydraulic gear pump CBK CBF machinery motor pump 3000 psi hydraulic pump drive shaft adapter
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Analytical Approaches to Estimating Contact Pressures in Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a type of mechanical connection between two rotating shafts. It consists of two parts – a coupler and a coupling. Both parts have teeth which engage and transfer loads. However, spline couplings are typically over-dimensioned, which makes them susceptible to fatigue and static behavior. Wear phenomena can also cause the coupling to fail. For this reason, proper spline coupling design is essential for achieving optimum performance.
Modeling a spline coupling
Spline couplings are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace industry, but they operate in a slightly misaligned state, causing both vibrations and damage to the contact surfaces. To solve this problem, this article offers analytical approaches for estimating the contact pressures in a spline coupling. Specifically, this article compares analytical approaches with pure numerical approaches to demonstrate the benefits of an analytical approach.
To model a spline coupling, first you create the knowledge base for the spline coupling. The knowledge base includes a large number of possible specification values, which are related to each other. If you modify one specification, it may lead to a warning for violating another. To make the design valid, you must create a spline coupling model that meets the specified specification values.
After you have modeled the geometry, you must enter the contact pressures of the two spline couplings. Then, you need to determine the position of the pitch circle of the spline. In Figure 2, the centre of the male coupling is superposed to that of the female spline. Then, you need to make sure that the alignment meshing distance of the two splines is the same.
Once you have the data you need to create a spline coupling model, you can begin by entering the specifications for the interface design. Once you have this data, you need to choose whether to optimize the internal spline or the external spline. You’ll also need to specify the tooth friction coefficient, which is used to determine the stresses in the spline coupling model 20. You should also enter the pilot clearance, which is the clearance between the tip 186 of a tooth 32 on one spline and the feature on the mating spline.
After you have entered the desired specifications for the external spline, you can enter the parameters for the internal spline. For example, you can enter the outer diameter limit 154 of the major snap 54 and the minor snap 56 of the internal spline. The values of these parameters are displayed in color-coded boxes on the Spline Inputs and Configuration GUI screen 80. Once the parameters are entered, you’ll be presented with a geometric representation of the spline coupling model 20.
Creating a spline coupling model 20
The spline coupling model 20 is created by a product model software program 10. The software validates the spline coupling model against a knowledge base of configuration-dependent specification constraints and relationships. This report is then input to the ANSYS stress analyzer program. It lists the spline coupling model 20’s geometric configurations and specification values for each feature. The spline coupling model 20 is automatically recreated every time the configuration or performance specifications of the spline coupling model 20 are modified.
The spline coupling model 20 can be configured using the product model software program 10. A user specifies the axial length of the spline stack, which may be zero, or a fixed length. The user also enters a radial mating face 148, if any, and selects a pilot clearance specification value of 14.5 degrees or 30 degrees.
A user can then use the mouse 110 to modify the spline coupling model 20. The spline coupling knowledge base contains a large number of possible specification values and the spline coupling design rule. If the user tries to change a spline coupling model, the model will show a warning about a violation of another specification. In some cases, the modification may invalidate the design.
In the spline coupling model 20, the user enters additional performance requirement specifications. The user chooses the locations where maximum torque is transferred for the internal and external splines 38 and 40. The maximum torque transfer location is determined by the attachment configuration of the hardware to the shafts. Once this is selected, the user can click “Next” to save the model. A preview of the spline coupling model 20 is displayed.
The model 20 is a representation of a spline coupling. The spline specifications are entered in the order and arrangement as specified on the spline coupling model 20 GUI screen. Once the spline coupling specifications are entered, the product model software program 10 will incorporate them into the spline coupling model 20. This is the last step in spline coupling model creation.
Analysing a spline coupling model 20
An analysis of a spline coupling model consists of inputting its configuration and performance specifications. These specifications may be generated from another computer program. The product model software program 10 then uses its internal knowledge base of configuration dependent specification relationships and constraints to create a valid three-dimensional parametric model 20. This model contains information describing the number and types of spline teeth 32, snaps 34, and shoulder 36.
When you are analysing a spline coupling, the software program 10 will include default values for various specifications. The spline coupling model 20 comprises an internal spline 38 and an external spline 40. Each of the splines includes its own set of parameters, such as its depth, width, length, and radii. The external spline 40 will also contain its own set of parameters, such as its orientation.
Upon selecting these parameters, the software program will perform various analyses on the spline coupling model 20. The software program 10 calculates the nominal and maximal tooth bearing stresses and fatigue life of a spline coupling. It will also determine the difference in torsional windup between an internal and an external spline. The output file from the analysis will be a report file containing model configuration and specification data. The output file may also be used by other computer programs for further analysis.
Once these parameters are set, the user enters the design criteria for the spline coupling model 20. In this step, the user specifies the locations of maximum torque transfer for both the external and internal spline 38. The maximum torque transfer location depends on the configuration of the hardware attached to the shafts. The user may enter up to four different performance requirement specifications for each spline.
The results of the analysis show that there are two phases of spline coupling. The first phase shows a large increase in stress and vibration. The second phase shows a decline in both stress and vibration levels. The third stage shows a constant meshing force between 300N and 320N. This behavior continues for a longer period of time, until the final stage engages with the surface.
Misalignment of a spline coupling
A study aimed to investigate the position of the resultant contact force in a spline coupling engaging teeth under a steady torque and rotating misalignment. The study used numerical methods based on Finite Element Method (FEM) models. It produced numerical results for nominal conditions and parallel offset misalignment. The study considered two levels of misalignment – 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm – with different loading levels.
The results showed that the misalignment between the splines and rotors causes a change in the meshing force of the spline-rotor coupling system. Its dynamics is governed by the meshing force of splines. The meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling is related to the rotor-spline coupling system parameters, the transmitting torque, and the dynamic vibration displacement.
Despite the lack of precise measurements, the misalignment of splines is a common problem. This problem is compounded by the fact that splines usually feature backlash. This backlash is the result of the misaligned spline. The authors analyzed several splines, varying pitch diameters, and length/diameter ratios.
A spline coupling is a two-dimensional mechanical system, which has positive backlash. The spline coupling is comprised of a hub and shaft, and has tip-to-root clearances that are larger than the backlash. A form-clearance is sufficient to prevent tip-to-root fillet contact. The torque on the splines is transmitted via friction.
When a spline coupling is misaligned, a torque-biased thrust force is generated. In such a situation, the force can exceed the torque, causing the component to lose its alignment. The two-way transmission of torque and thrust is modeled analytically in the present study. The analytical approach provides solutions that can be integrated into the design process. So, the next time you are faced with a misaligned spline coupling problem, make sure to use an analytical approach!
In this study, the spline coupling is analyzed under nominal conditions without a parallel offset misalignment. The stiffness values obtained are the percentage difference between the nominal pitch diameter and load application diameter. Moreover, the maximum percentage difference in the measured pitch diameter is 1.60% under a torque of 5000 N*m. The other parameter, the pitch angle, is taken into consideration in the calculation.
editor by czh 2023-02-15
China Non-Standard Customized Rotary Tiller Accessories Processing Customized Spiral Gear Industrial Machinery Transmission Gear Shaft Precision Spline Shaft drive shaft axle
Product Description
Non-normal customized rotary tiller accessories processing custom-made spiral gear industrial equipment transmission gear shaft Precision spline shaft
| Product | Custom-made machined machining gears |
| Approach | CNC machining,CNC milling, cnc lathe machining |
| substance | steel, stainless metal, carbon steel,brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum 7075,7068 brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum Nylon, PA66, NYLON , Ab muscles, PP,Personal computer,PE,POM,PVC,PU,TPR,TPE,TPU,PA,PET,HDPE,PMMA and so on |
| Top quality Management | ISO9001 and ISO14001 |
| Dimension bore tolerances | -/+.01mm |
| Top quality standard | AGMA, JIS, DIN |
| Floor therapy | Blackening, plated, anodizing, tough anodizing and many others |
| Gear hardness | 30 to 60 H.R.C |
| Measurement/Shade | Gears and elements dimensions are according to drawings from customer, and hues are tailored |
| Area remedy | Polished or matte surface area, portray, texture, vacuum aluminizing and can be stamped with symbol and so forth. |
| Dimensions Tolerance | ±0.01mm or far more precise |
| Samples affirmation and acceptance | samples transported for affirmation and shipping price paid out by customers |
| Bundle | Inner obvious plastic bag/outside carton/picket pallets/ or any other particular package deal as for every customer’s demands. |
| Shipping and delivery Time | Whole will take 2~~8weeks typically |
| Delivery | Usual FEDEX, UPS, DHL, TNT, EMS or foundation on customer’s requirement. |
FAQ
one.Q:Are there any specific abilities that your firm has that we are not able to see from the site?
A:We have passed the certification of ISO9001:2008 and TS16949 , our creation and quality is ensured strictly of this
certifications . For any substantial good quality goods , we can do the PPAP and Control Strategy as per customer’s ask for .
We have our possess CMM , we can inspect precision dimensions that the normal calipers can’t measure , and ensure the high quality .
two.Q:What are the highest measurements and weights that you can create: forging, casting & machining?
A:The highest dimensions for stainless steel parts could be 700*700*700mm , and the excess weight could be 200kg . The highest measurement for carbon metal components could be a thousand*1000*1000mm, and the bodyweight could be 350kg .And we could also make sand casting parts at our cooperation firm . The materials is grey iron and ductile iron . For grey iron , the substance quality could be HT150, HT200, HT250, HT300, HT350 . For ductile iron , the content grade could be QT400, QT450, QT500 , QT600 . The optimum dimension for sand casting could be Φ1500*2000mm , and the fat could be 4000kg . For the above size and weight is the greatest we could do , and for the more compact areas we could also generate .
3. Q:What are all the varieties of materials you can provide for forgings and for castings ?
A:Materials Accessible: For casting , the content could be stainless metal , carbon steel , alloy metal . For forging , the
substance could be stainless metal , carbon metal , alloy steel , aluminium , brass .
four. Q:What variety of payment conditions do you accept ?
A:For samples , we need to have one hundred% sample payment to be paid ahead of start producing samples . Or if there is mildew , we need 50%
mould expense pay as you go , the harmony fifty% mildew value to be paid ahead of cargo . We will send out you Inspection Stories and
photos of samples for you to approve just before shipment .
For mass manufacturing , 30% T/T down payment ahead of manufacturing , balance 70% against B/L copy .
five. Q:How long does it take to estimate ?
A:Generally we can quotation out in 2 times right after we receive RFQ with all the essential details . But if there are more
than 10 kinds need to quote , we will need to have about a week to quote .
six. Q:Do you offer modification services by CAD or 3D drawings from sample ?
A:Of course , we offer modification providers if you want to alter the design and style .
seven. Q:I will not have any drawing , can I send out you a sample ?
A:Yes , we can develop drawings for each the original samples offered by our buyers .
8. Q:What formats of drawings can you open ?
A:PDF , CAD , JPEG , JPG , or 3D data files these kinds of as IGS , Action , Solid-works .
nine. Q:How do i guarantee that my information is protected and secured ?
A:Normally , we present our machining function by exhibiting pictures of elements in the site , but we assure not to market to
other people . If consumer do not like to demonstrate their merchandise on our web site , we will promise his require .
10. Q:Why decide on China HangZhou CZPT Automation Technology Co., Ltd ? Any rewards ?
A:The response is Indeed . There are 5 rewards :
(1) Mutual Get : Our supply will be realistic , our price tag will be less costly in the identical quality .
(2) Customize: We can make the products as your ask for , shape and top quality can satisfy your request.
(3) OEM : Laser print your brand Style your packing box .
(4) Mix Get : We take combine get , various design and small amount buy .
(5) After Support : Can reback the off-check product or inquire back the payment when get the off-take a look at products and judged
off-examination by the 3rd screening celebration .
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Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
To be negotiated |
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| Type: | Transmission |
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| Usage: | Agricultural Products Processing, Farmland Infrastructure, Tillage, Harvester, Planting and Fertilization, Grain Threshing, Cleaning and Drying |
| Material: | Carbon Steel |
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| Samples: |
US$ 20/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) Free sample with freight collected
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| Customization: |
Available
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| Item | Customized machined machining gears |
| Process | CNC machining,CNC milling, cnc lathe machining |
| material | steel, stainless steel, carbon steel,brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum 7075,7068 brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum Nylon, PA66, NYLON , ABS, PP,PC,PE,POM,PVC,PU,TPR,TPE,TPU,PA,PET,HDPE,PMMA etc |
| Quality Control | ISO9001 and ISO14001 |
| Dimension bore tolerances | -/+0.01mm |
| Quality standard | AGMA, JIS, DIN |
| Surface treatment | Blackening, plated, anodizing, hard anodizing etc |
| Gear hardness | 30 to 60 H.R.C |
| Size/Color | Gears and parts dimensions are according to drawings from customer, and colors are customized |
| Surface treatment | Polished or matte surface, painting, texture, vacuum aluminizing and can be stamped with logo etc. |
| Dimensions Tolerance | ±0.01mm or more precise |
| Samples confirmation and approval | samples shipped for confirmation and shipping cost paid by customers |
| Package | Inner clear plastic bag/outside carton/wooden pallets/ or any other special package as per customer’s requirements. |
| Delivery Time | Total takes 2~~8weeks usually |
| Shipping | Usual FEDEX, UPS, DHL, TNT, EMS or base on customer’s requirement. |
|
Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
To be negotiated |
|---|
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| Type: | Transmission |
|---|---|
| Usage: | Agricultural Products Processing, Farmland Infrastructure, Tillage, Harvester, Planting and Fertilization, Grain Threshing, Cleaning and Drying |
| Material: | Carbon Steel |
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| Samples: |
US$ 20/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) Free sample with freight collected
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| Customization: |
Available
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|---|
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| Item | Customized machined machining gears |
| Process | CNC machining,CNC milling, cnc lathe machining |
| material | steel, stainless steel, carbon steel,brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum 7075,7068 brass,C360 brass copper, aluminum Nylon, PA66, NYLON , ABS, PP,PC,PE,POM,PVC,PU,TPR,TPE,TPU,PA,PET,HDPE,PMMA etc |
| Quality Control | ISO9001 and ISO14001 |
| Dimension bore tolerances | -/+0.01mm |
| Quality standard | AGMA, JIS, DIN |
| Surface treatment | Blackening, plated, anodizing, hard anodizing etc |
| Gear hardness | 30 to 60 H.R.C |
| Size/Color | Gears and parts dimensions are according to drawings from customer, and colors are customized |
| Surface treatment | Polished or matte surface, painting, texture, vacuum aluminizing and can be stamped with logo etc. |
| Dimensions Tolerance | ±0.01mm or more precise |
| Samples confirmation and approval | samples shipped for confirmation and shipping cost paid by customers |
| Package | Inner clear plastic bag/outside carton/wooden pallets/ or any other special package as per customer’s requirements. |
| Delivery Time | Total takes 2~~8weeks usually |
| Shipping | Usual FEDEX, UPS, DHL, TNT, EMS or base on customer’s requirement. |
What Are the Advantages of a Splined Shaft?
If you are looking for the right splined shaft for your machine, you should know a few important things. First, what type of material should be used? Stainless steel is usually the most appropriate choice, because of its ability to offer low noise and fatigue failure. Secondly, it can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine. Lastly, it will ensure smooth motion. So, what are the advantages of a splined shaft?
Stainless steel is the best material for splined shafts
When choosing a splined shaft, you should consider its hardness, quality, and finish. Stainless steel has superior corrosion and wear resistance. Carbon steel is another good material for splined shafts. Carbon steel has a shallow carbon content (about 1.7%), which makes it more malleable and helps ensure smooth motion. But if you’re not willing to spend the money on stainless steel, consider other options.
There are two main types of splines: parallel splines and crowned splines. Involute splines have parallel grooves and allow linear and rotary motion. Helical splines have involute teeth and are oriented at an angle. This type allows for many teeth on the shaft and minimizes the stress concentration in the stationary joint.
Large evenly spaced splines are widely used in hydraulic systems, drivetrains, and machine tools. They are typically made from carbon steel (CR10) and stainless steel (AISI 304). This material is durable and meets the requirements of ISO 14-B, formerly DIN 5463-B. Splined shafts are typically made of stainless steel or C45 steel, though there are many other materials available.
Stainless steel is the best material for a splined shaft. This metal is also incredibly affordable. In most cases, stainless steel is the best choice for these shafts because it offers the best corrosion resistance. There are many different types of splined shafts, and each one is suited for a particular application. There are also many different types of stainless steel, so choose stainless steel if you want the best quality.
For those looking for high-quality splined shafts, CZPT Spline Shafts offer many benefits. They can reduce costs, improve positional accuracy, and reduce friction. With the CZPT TFE coating, splined shafts can reduce energy and heat buildup, and extend the life of your products. And, they’re easy to install – all you need to do is install them.
They provide low noise, low wear and fatigue failure
The splines in a splined shaft are composed of two main parts: the spline root fillet and the spline relief. The spline root fillet is the most critical part, because fatigue failure starts there and propagates to the relief. The spline relief is more susceptible to fatigue failure because of its involute tooth shape, which offers a lower stress to the shaft and has a smaller area of contact.
The fatigue life of splined shafts is determined by measuring the S-N curve. This is also known as the Wohler curve, and it is the relationship between stress amplitude and number of cycles. It depends on the material, geometry and way of loading. It can be obtained from a physical test on a uniform material specimen under a constant amplitude load. Approximations for low-alloy steel parts can be made using a lower-alloy steel material.
Splined shafts provide low noise, minimal wear and fatigue failure. However, some mechanical transmission elements need to be removed from the shaft during assembly and manufacturing processes. The shafts must still be capable of relative axial movement for functional purposes. As such, good spline joints are essential to high-quality torque transmission, minimal backlash, and low noise. The major failure modes of spline shafts include fretting corrosion, tooth breakage, and fatigue failure.
The outer disc carrier spline is susceptible to tensile stress and fatigue failure. High customer demands for low noise and low wear and fatigue failure makes splined shafts an excellent choice. A fractured spline gear coupling was received for analysis. It was installed near the top of a filter shaft and inserted into the gearbox motor. The service history was unknown. The fractured spline gear coupling had longitudinally cracked and arrested at the termination of the spline gear teeth. The spline gear teeth also exhibited wear and deformation.
A new spline coupling method detects fault propagation in hollow cylindrical splined shafts. A spline coupling is fabricated using an AE method with the spline section unrolled into a metal plate of the same thickness as the cylinder wall. In addition, the spline coupling is misaligned, which puts significant concentration on the spline teeth. This further accelerates the rate of fretting fatigue and wear.
A spline joint should be lubricated after 25 hours of operation. Frequent lubrication can increase maintenance costs and cause downtime. Moreover, the lubricant may retain abrasive particles at the interfaces. In some cases, lubricants can even cause misalignment, leading to premature failure. So, the lubrication of a spline coupling is vital in ensuring proper functioning of the shaft.
The design of a spline coupling can be optimized to enhance its wear resistance and reliability. Surface treatments, loads, and rotation affect the friction properties of a spline coupling. In addition, a finite element method was developed to predict wear of a floating spline coupling. This method is feasible and provides a reliable basis for predicting the wear and fatigue life of a spline coupling.
They can be machined using a slotting or shaping machine
Machines can be used to shape splined shafts in a variety of industries. They are useful in many applications, including gearboxes, braking systems, and axles. A slotted shaft can be manipulated in several ways, including hobbling, broaching, and slotting. In addition to shaping, splines are also useful in reducing bar diameter.
When using a slotting or shaping machine, the workpiece is held against a pedestal that has a uniform thickness. The machine is equipped with a stand column and limiting column (Figure 1), each positioned perpendicular to the upper surface of the pedestal. The limiting column axis is located on the same line as the stand column. During the slotting or shaping process, the tool is fed in and out until the desired space is achieved.
One process involves cutting splines into a shaft. Straddle milling, spline shaping, and spline cutting are two common processes used to create splined shafts. Straddle milling involves a fixed indexing fixture that holds the shaft steady, while rotating milling cutters cut the groove in the length of the shaft. Several passes are required to ensure uniformity throughout the spline.
Splines are a type of gear. The ridges or teeth on the drive shaft mesh with grooves in the mating piece. A splined shaft allows the transmission of torque to a mate piece while maximizing the power transfer. Splines are used in heavy vehicles, construction, agriculture, and massive earthmoving machinery. Splines are used in virtually every type of rotary motion, from axles to transmission systems. They also offer better fatigue life and reliability.
Slotting or shaping machines can also be used to shape splined shafts. Slotting machines are often used to machine splined shafts, because it is easier to make them with these machines. Using a slotting or shaping machine can result in splined shafts of different sizes. It is important to follow a set of spline standards to ensure your parts are manufactured to the highest standards.
A milling machine is another option for producing splined shafts. A spline shaft can be set up between two centers in an indexing fixture. Two side milling cutters are mounted on an arbor and a spacer and shims are inserted between them. The arbor and cutters are then mounted to a milling machine spindle. To make sure the cutters center themselves over the splined shaft, an adjustment must be made to the spindle of the machine.
The machining process is very different for internal and external splines. External splines can be broached, shaped, milled, or hobbed, while internal splines cannot. These machines use hard alloy, but they are not as good for internal splines. A machine with a slotting mechanism is necessary for these operations.
editor by czh 2023-01-28
China Hot Sale Custom Machinery Parts/Drive Shaft Gear Shaft Cardan Shaft Motor Shaft Spline Shaft Propeller Shaft drive shaft components
Item Description
HangZhou CZPT Precision Sector Co.,Ltd
The company has owned IS0 9001 (International High quality Administration) technique certification, ISO14001 (Worldwide Environmental Management) program certification, IATF16949 (Intercontinental Automotive Task Drive) method certification and EN15085-2 (Railway applications-Welding of railway automobiles and factors) method certification. We have an skilled administration team and a team of higher-top quality talents.
Our rewards are as underneath.
- Main Benefit: Integrity + Good quality
- Rich Experience: Because the calendar year of 2001
- Technological Engineer: 36 Staffs
- High quality Engineer: 18 Staffs
- Organization Certification: ISO 9001, ISO14001, ITAF 16949, EN 15085-two
- Robust Potential: Up to 100k items per working day
| Factory Description and Support Material | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creation LINE: | Metallic stamping, Laser reducing, Sheet metal, Welding, Spraying, Electrophoresis, Assembly. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Materials: | Carbon metal, Stainless steel, Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Bronze, Custom-made. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Processes: | Blanking, Punching, Bending, Cutting, Milling, Dilling, Tapping, Riveting, Welding, Assembling, Packing. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| TOLERANCE: | +/- .01mm | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Finish: | Powder, Spraying, Sand Blasting, Electroplating, Electrophoresis, Anodizing, Passivating, Custom-made. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Color: | All-natural, Conversonial, Silver, Gray, Black, White, Pink, Blue, Inexperienced, Yellow, Matte, Shiny, Personalized. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| System CERTIFICATION: | ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ITAF 16949, EN 15085-2. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Software: | Car, Conversation, Electrical, Electronics, Rail transit, Products manufacturing and many others. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MOQ: | 1,000 Pcs ~ 5,000 Pcs | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MOULD Value: | five hundred USD ~ 5,000 USD | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Device Cost: | .05 USD ~ 5.00 USD | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PACKING: | Paper Bag, Plastic Bag, PE Bag, Carton Board, Carton Box, Plywood case, Wood Scenario, Pallet. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MPQ: | 50 Pcs ~ two hundred Pcs | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Guide TIME: | fifteen Work Times ~ 25 Perform Times | |||||||||||||||||||||
| TRADE Term: | EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, DDU, DDP. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PAYMENT Technique: | T/T, L/C, Western Union, Income Gram, PayPal, Ali Shell out. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Workshop Internal View
System Certificate
Production Line View
Metalworking goods are very essential component in industrial area, It is extensively acknowledged for its steady performance and cost-effective price tag.
Specially in the area of Vehicle, Conversation, Electrical, Electronics, IT, Products Producing, Rail Transit and Construction and so on.
We dedicated to offer our buyers with excellent products and cater to their demand remedies with lower costs and very efficiency. Please truly feel cost-free to contact us, we are searching forward to our further cooperation. We deal with every buyer sincerely and take each and every undertaking significantly.
| FAQ:
1. Why enterprise with CZPT Precision Co., Ltd? two. Are the products accessible for selling from your Merchandise Display Spot? three. How to get your quotation? 4. What’s your production leadtime? five. How to ensure the products good quality? |
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US $0.4 / Piece | |
1,000 Pieces (Min. Order) |
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| Material: | Stainless Steel Aluminum Carbon Steel Alloy Copper |
|---|---|
| Load: | Drive Shaft |
| Stiffness & Flexibility: | Stiffness / Rigid Axle |
| Journal Diameter Dimensional Accuracy: | IT6-IT9 |
| Axis Shape: | Straight Shaft |
| Shaft Shape: | Real Axis |
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| Samples: |
US$ 1/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
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| Customization: |
Available
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| Factory Description and Service Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| PRODUCTION LINE: | Metal stamping, Laser cutting, Sheet metal, Welding, Spraying, Electrophoresis, Assembly. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MATERIAL: | Carbon steel, Stainless steel, Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Bronze, Customized. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PROCEDURES: | Blanking, Punching, Bending, Cutting, Milling, Dilling, Tapping, Riveting, Welding, Assembling, Packing. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| TOLERANCE: | +/- 0.01mm | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FINISH: | Powder, Spraying, Sand Blasting, Electroplating, Electrophoresis, Anodizing, Passivating, Customized. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| COLOR: | Natural, Conversonial, Silver, Grey, Black, White, Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Matte, Glossy, Customized. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| SYSTEM CERTIFICATION: | ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ITAF 16949, EN 15085-2. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| APPLICATION: | Automobile, Communication, Electrical, Electronics, Rail transit, Equipment manufacturing etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MOQ: | 1,000 Pcs ~ 5,000 Pcs | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MOULD COST: | 500 USD ~ 5,000 USD | |||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIT PRICE: | 0.05 USD ~ 5.00 USD | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PACKING: | Paper Bag, Plastic Bag, PE Bag, Carton Board, Carton Box, Plywood case, Wooden Case, Pallet. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MPQ: | 50 Pcs ~ 200 Pcs | |||||||||||||||||||||
| LEAD TIME: | 15 Work Days ~ 25 Work Days | |||||||||||||||||||||
| TRADE TERM: | EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, DDU, DDP. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PAYMENT METHOD: | T/T, L/C, Western Union, Money Gram, PayPal, Ali Pay. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| FAQ:
1. Why business with Hetai Precision Co., Ltd? 2. Are the products available for selling from your Product Display Area? 3. How to get your quotation? 4. What’s your production leadtime? 5. How to guarantee the products quality? |
|
US $0.4 / Piece | |
1,000 Pieces (Min. Order) |
###
| Material: | Stainless Steel Aluminum Carbon Steel Alloy Copper |
|---|---|
| Load: | Drive Shaft |
| Stiffness & Flexibility: | Stiffness / Rigid Axle |
| Journal Diameter Dimensional Accuracy: | IT6-IT9 |
| Axis Shape: | Straight Shaft |
| Shaft Shape: | Real Axis |
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| Samples: |
US$ 1/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
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| Customization: |
Available
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| Factory Description and Service Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| PRODUCTION LINE: | Metal stamping, Laser cutting, Sheet metal, Welding, Spraying, Electrophoresis, Assembly. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MATERIAL: | Carbon steel, Stainless steel, Aluminum, Copper, Brass, Bronze, Customized. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PROCEDURES: | Blanking, Punching, Bending, Cutting, Milling, Dilling, Tapping, Riveting, Welding, Assembling, Packing. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| TOLERANCE: | +/- 0.01mm | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FINISH: | Powder, Spraying, Sand Blasting, Electroplating, Electrophoresis, Anodizing, Passivating, Customized. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| COLOR: | Natural, Conversonial, Silver, Grey, Black, White, Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Matte, Glossy, Customized. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| SYSTEM CERTIFICATION: | ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ITAF 16949, EN 15085-2. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| APPLICATION: | Automobile, Communication, Electrical, Electronics, Rail transit, Equipment manufacturing etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MOQ: | 1,000 Pcs ~ 5,000 Pcs | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MOULD COST: | 500 USD ~ 5,000 USD | |||||||||||||||||||||
| UNIT PRICE: | 0.05 USD ~ 5.00 USD | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PACKING: | Paper Bag, Plastic Bag, PE Bag, Carton Board, Carton Box, Plywood case, Wooden Case, Pallet. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| MPQ: | 50 Pcs ~ 200 Pcs | |||||||||||||||||||||
| LEAD TIME: | 15 Work Days ~ 25 Work Days | |||||||||||||||||||||
| TRADE TERM: | EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, DDU, DDP. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| PAYMENT METHOD: | T/T, L/C, Western Union, Money Gram, PayPal, Ali Pay. | |||||||||||||||||||||
###
| FAQ:
1. Why business with Hetai Precision Co., Ltd? 2. Are the products available for selling from your Product Display Area? 3. How to get your quotation? 4. What’s your production leadtime? 5. How to guarantee the products quality? |
Types of Splines
There are four types of splines: Involute, Parallel key, helical, and ball. Learn about their characteristics. And, if you’re not sure what they are, you can always request a quotation. These splines are commonly used for building special machinery, repair jobs, and other applications. The CZPT Manufacturing Company manufactures these shafts. It is a specialty manufacturer and we welcome your business.
Involute splines
The involute spline provides a more rigid and durable structure, and is available in a variety of diameters and spline counts. Generally, steel, carbon steel, or titanium are used as raw materials. Other materials, such as carbon fiber, may be suitable. However, titanium can be difficult to produce, so some manufacturers make splines using other constituents.
When splines are used in shafts, they prevent parts from separating during operation. These features make them an ideal choice for securing mechanical assemblies. Splines with inward-curving grooves do not have sharp corners and are therefore less likely to break or separate while they are in operation. These properties help them to withstand high-speed operations, such as braking, accelerating, and reversing.
A male spline is fitted with an externally-oriented face, and a female spline is inserted through the center. The teeth of the male spline typically have chamfered tips to provide clearance with the transition area. The radii and width of the teeth of a male spline are typically larger than those of a female spline. These specifications are specified in ANSI or DIN design manuals.
The effective tooth thickness of a spline depends on the involute profile error and the lead error. Also, the spacing of the spline teeth and keyways can affect the effective tooth thickness. Involute splines in a splined shaft are designed so that at least 25 percent of the spline teeth engage during coupling, which results in a uniform distribution of load and wear on the spline.
Parallel key splines
A parallel splined shaft has a helix of equal-sized grooves around its circumference. These grooves are generally parallel or involute. Splines minimize stress concentrations in stationary joints and allow linear and rotary motion. Splines may be cut or cold-rolled. Cold-rolled splines have more strength than cut spines and are often used in applications that require high strength, accuracy, and a smooth surface.
A parallel key splined shaft features grooves and keys that are parallel to the axis of the shaft. This design is best suited for applications where load bearing is a primary concern and a smooth motion is needed. A parallel key splined shaft can be made from alloy steels, which are iron-based alloys that may also contain chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, or other alloying materials.
A splined shaft can be used to transmit torque and provide anti-rotation when operating as a linear guide. These shafts have square profiles that match up with grooves in a mating piece and transmit torque and rotation. They can also be easily changed in length, and are commonly used in aerospace. Its reliability and fatigue life make it an excellent choice for many applications.
The main difference between a parallel key splined shaft and a keyed shaft is that the former offers more flexibility. They lack slots, which reduce torque-transmitting capacity. Splines offer equal load distribution along the gear teeth, which translates into a longer fatigue life for the shaft. In agricultural applications, shaft life is essential. Agricultural equipment, for example, requires the ability to function at high speeds for extended periods of time.
Involute helical splines
Involute splines are a common design for splined shafts. They are the most commonly used type of splined shaft and feature equal spacing among their teeth. The teeth of this design are also shorter than those of the parallel spline shaft, reducing stress concentration. These splines can be used to transmit power to floating or permanently fixed gears, and reduce stress concentrations in the stationary joint. Involute splines are the most common type of splined shaft, and are widely used for a variety of applications in automotive, machine tools, and more.
Involute helical spline shafts are ideal for applications involving axial motion and rotation. They allow for face coupling engagement and disengagement. This design also allows for a larger diameter than a parallel spline shaft. The result is a highly efficient gearbox. Besides being durable, splines can also be used for other applications involving torque and energy transfer.
A new statistical model can be used to determine the number of teeth that engage for a given load. These splines are characterized by a tight fit at the major diameters, thereby transferring concentricity from the shaft to the female spline. A male spline has chamfered tips for clearance with the transition area. ANSI and DIN design manuals specify the different classes of fit.
The design of involute helical splines is similar to that of gears, and their ridges or teeth are matched with the corresponding grooves in a mating piece. It enables torque and rotation to be transferred to a mate piece while maintaining alignment of the two components. Different types of splines are used in different applications. Different splines can have different levels of tooth height.
Involute ball splines
When splines are used, they allow the shaft and hub to engage evenly over the shaft’s entire circumference. Because the teeth are evenly spaced, the load that they can transfer is uniform and their position is always the same regardless of shaft length. Whether the shaft is used to transmit torque or to transmit power, splines are a great choice. They provide maximum strength and allow for linear or rotary motion.
There are three basic types of splines: helical, crown, and ball. Crown splines feature equally spaced grooves. Crown splines feature involute sides and parallel sides. Helical splines use involute teeth and are often used in small diameter shafts. Ball splines contain a ball bearing inside the splined shaft to facilitate rotary motion and minimize stress concentration in stationary joints.
The two types of splines are classified under the ANSI classes of fit. Fillet root splines have teeth that mesh along the longitudinal axis of rotation. Flat root splines have similar teeth, but are intended to optimize strength for short-term use. Both types of splines are important for ensuring the shaft aligns properly and is not misaligned.
The friction coefficient of the hub is a complex process. When the hub is off-center, the center moves in predictable but irregular motion. Moreover, when the shaft is centered, the center may oscillate between being centered and being off-center. To compensate for this, the torque must be adequate to keep the shaft in its axis during all rotation angles. While straight-sided splines provide similar centering, they have lower misalignment load factors.
Keyed shafts
Essentially, splined shafts have teeth or ridges that fit together to transfer torque. Because splines are not as tall as involute gears, they offer uniform torque transfer. Additionally, they provide the opportunity for torque and rotational changes and improve wear resistance. In addition to their durability, splined shafts are popular in the aerospace industry and provide increased reliability and fatigue life.
Keyed shafts are available in different materials, lengths, and diameters. When used in high-power drive applications, they offer higher torque and rotational speeds. The higher torque they produce helps them deliver power to the gearbox. However, they are not as durable as splined shafts, which is why the latter is usually preferred in these applications. And while they’re more expensive, they’re equally effective when it comes to torque delivery.
Parallel keyed shafts have separate profiles and ridges and are used in applications requiring accuracy and precision. Keyed shafts with rolled splines are 35% stronger than cut splines and are used where precision is essential. These splines also have a smooth finish, which can make them a good choice for precision applications. They also work well with gears and other mechanical systems that require accurate torque transfer.
Carbon steel is another material used for splined shafts. Carbon steel is known for its malleability, and its shallow carbon content helps create reliable motion. However, if you’re looking for something more durable, consider ferrous steel. This type contains metals such as nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. And it’s important to remember that carbon steel is not the only material to consider.
editor by czh 2022-12-17
China Hot selling Spur Worm Gear Drive Shaft on Metallurgical Machinery or Mining Machinery with Good quality
Product Description
Merchandise Description
Our Gear varieties: Straight Enamel Equipment, sprocket, Oblique Tooth Cylinder Gear, External Spur Equipment, Inside Spur Equipment, Gear Shaft and so forth the regular and non standard in accordance to the drawings or samples.
Substance: forty five#, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 20CrMoti, 17CrNiMo6, 20CrMnTi or the other people
Warmth remedy: Medium frequency quenching, substantial frequency quenching, carburizing and quenching, nitriding, Carbon-Nitriding, Salt bath quenching.
Functioning Procedure: Gearh hobbing, Gear shaving, Equipment shaping, Gear grinding and so forth
Precision Grade: GB5-8, JIS 1-4, AGMA 12-9, DIN 6-9
Software location: Automobile gearbox, health care gear, metallurgical machinery, port machinery, lifting products, mining equipment, electrical energy products, gentle market products, environmental security equipment.
In depth Pictures
Merchandise Parameters
Just take the case in point of our sprocket or chainwheel
The normal and non normal according to the drawings or samples.
Materials: C45, S235JR, Cast Metal or the other individuals
one, Description: Sprocket, chainwheel
two, Types:
A) Normal sprocket
B) Finished bore sprocket
C) Taper bore sprocket
D) Double plate wheels
E) conveyor sprocket
three, Substance: C45, S235JR, Nylon
four, Surface treatment method: Zinc-plated, black finish
five, Solitary A-kind, double A-kind, Welding hub KB-type, Welding hub C-variety and so on for your reference.
6. Method: Forging( casting)—lathe- teeth shaping—finishing—oil washing—Packing, manufactured by CNC device
seven. Inspection: All objects are checked and tested completely in the course of each functioning procedure and right after the merchandise is last but not least manufactured to make sure that the ideal quality product enter into the market.
Packaging & Transport
Our Benefits
Soon after Product sales Support
Our Core range of spur gears, sector sprocket, and roller chains are particularly designed to be interchangeable and functional, this helps us keep lower inventory ranges although reaching the customization essential for so many purposes. The core offer has also enabled us to provide excellent pricing stages for reduced portions, often prototypes are extremely expensive due to absence of economies of scale we have attempted to help with this as much as possible. HangZhou CZPT can supply bespoke models for more substantial quantities and offer you a Supply Chain service in which we work closely with our consumers to determine the optimal shipping plan in accordance with OEM creation stages. If you are searching for spur gear, push shafts, industry sprocket and so on, you have occur to the correct spot, our professional technological product sales employees will advocate the best feasible choice for both your application and your pocket. Speak to us now to talk about your software.
HangZhou CZPT TRADE CO., LTD is responsible for exporting the over items, and we also import some important products from oversea marketplaces.
Our company has received the right of import and export from the Authorities division.
It is necessary to get your certain requirement when getting in contact with us,
for instance of equipment, amount of enamel, module, pitch diameter, interior hole diameter, thickness, outside drawing etc. and then we will give the exact offers.
As a result, hope to get your feedback soon.
Make sure you view our approach actions as underneath
(1) process these output shafts
(2)method these spur gears and sprockets
(3) turning machining
(4) assembly planning
(5) fine approach workshop
Select US FOR:
one. We supply engineer recommendation to your specified layout in manufacturing advancement and expense preserving.
2. R&D and QC division concentrate on the items to satisfy your strict specifications.
three. Various floor treatment options offered, plating, power coating, portray, anodized,sprucing, electrophoresis, and many others.
four. Different proportions in accordance to buyer’s request.
five. Different packagings in accordance to distinct requirements.
6. Tailored and tailored orders are welcome.
7. Excellent quality and Fast motion.
eight. Our products have been exported to The us, Australia,German,Korea,Indian.
Confidential Policy:
1) The appointed goods are only for you.
2) Your informations&paperwork are confidential.
three) Your drawings&sketch are private.
FAQ
Issue:
one.Q:How about CZPT cost?
A: mostly count on : 1.Drawing, 2.content, 3.excess weight and amount.
We need to have to know the construction of every single areas to assess the mold answer by:
1) –Full design and style drawing or real sample —– the ideal way
–PDF drawing with total dimension for every parts
–Clearly photos for every parts with much more angle-sights to present each attributes.
two)The materials and area treatments.
three)The amount of purchase.
2.Q:How to handle the solution processing?
A: The processing report or pictures will be sent to the consumer each week/ every single thirty day period for assessment.
3.Q:Who will very own the mould?
A:Buyer, also the CZPT can be held in our factory for foreseeable future order.
4.Q:How prolonged do you make your quotation?
A:Following obtaining element informations we will quote in 1 to 3 times.
five.Q: Are the samples/prototype free of charge of demand?
A: charged,but it will be returned to consumer when an order verified and buy quantity is above 5000 pcs.
Soon after your drawing verified and expenses done for the prototype, we will create a sample
by CNC machining. And the initial trial samples (1-3pcs) will be delivered to consumer
by the DHL /Fedex at buyer’s categorical account or prepay the convey charges.
MOQ? — 200units and take sample get.
Why Checking the Drive Shaft is Important
If you hear clicking noises while driving, your driveshaft may need repair. An experienced mechanic can tell if the noise is coming from one side or both sides. This problem is usually related to the torque converter. Read on to learn why it’s so important to have your driveshaft inspected by an auto mechanic. Here are some symptoms to look for. Clicking noises can be caused by many different things. You should first check if the noise is coming from the front or the rear of the vehicle.
hollow drive shaft
Hollow driveshafts have many benefits. They are light and reduce the overall weight of the vehicle. The largest manufacturer of these components in the world is CZPT. They also offer lightweight solutions for various applications, such as high-performance axles. CZPT driveshafts are manufactured using state-of-the-art technology. They offer excellent quality at competitive prices.
The inner diameter of the hollow shaft reduces the magnitude of the internal forces, thereby reducing the amount of torque transmitted. Unlike solid shafts, hollow shafts are getting stronger. The material inside the hollow shaft is slightly lighter, which further reduces its weight and overall torque. However, this also increases its drag at high speeds. This means that in many applications hollow driveshafts are not as efficient as solid driveshafts.
A conventional hollow drive shaft consists of a first rod 14 and a second rod 14 on both sides. The first rod is connected with the second rod, and the second rod extends in the rotation direction. The two rods are then friction welded to the central area of the hollow shaft. The frictional heat generated during the relative rotation helps to connect the two parts. Hollow drive shafts can be used in internal combustion engines and environmentally-friendly vehicles.
The main advantage of a hollow driveshaft is weight reduction. The splines of the hollow drive shaft can be designed to be smaller than the outside diameter of the hollow shaft, which can significantly reduce weight. Hollow shafts are also less likely to jam compared to solid shafts. Hollow driveshafts are expected to eventually occupy the world market for automotive driveshafts. Its advantages include fuel efficiency and greater flexibility compared to solid prop shafts.
Cardan shaft
Cardan shafts are a popular choice in industrial machinery. They are used to transmit power from one machine to another and are available in a variety of sizes and shapes. They are available in a variety of materials, including steel, copper, and aluminum. If you plan to install one of these shafts, it is important to know the different types of Cardan shafts available. To find the best option, browse the catalog.
Telescopic or “Cardan” prop shafts, also known as U-joints, are ideal for efficient torque transfer between the drive and output system. They are efficient, lightweight, and energy-efficient. They employ advanced methods, including finite element modeling (FEM), to ensure maximum performance, weight, and efficiency. Additionally, the Cardan shaft has an adjustable length for easy repositioning.
Another popular choice for driveshafts is the Cardan shaft, also known as a driveshaft. The purpose of the driveshaft is to transfer torque from the engine to the wheels. They are typically used in high-performance car engines. Some types are made of brass, iron, or steel and have unique surface designs. Cardan shafts are available in inclined and parallel configurations.
Single Cardan shafts are a common replacement for standard Cardan shafts, but if you are looking for dual Cardan shafts for your vehicle, you will want to choose the 1310 series. This type is great for lifted jeeps and requires a CV-compatible transfer case. Some even require axle spacers. The dual Cardan shafts are also designed for lifts, which means it’s a good choice for raising and lowering jeeps.
universal joint
Cardan joints are a good choice for drive shafts when operating at a constant speed. Their design allows a constant angular velocity ratio between the input and output shafts. Depending on the application, the recommended speed limit may vary depending on the operating angle, transmission power, and application. These recommendations must be based on pressure. The maximum permissible speed of the drive shaft is determined by determining the angular acceleration.
Because gimbal joints don’t require grease, they can last a long time but eventually fail. If they are poorly lubricated or dry, they can cause metal-to-metal contact. The same is true for U-joints that do not have oil filling capability. While they have a long lifespan, it can be difficult to spot warning signs that could indicate impending joint failure. To avoid this, check the drive shaft regularly.
U-joints should not exceed seventy percent of their lateral critical velocity. However, if this speed is exceeded, the part will experience unacceptable vibration, reducing its useful life. To determine the best U-joint for your application, please contact your universal joint supplier. Typically, lower speeds do not require balancing. In these cases, you should consider using a larger pitch diameter to reduce axial force.
To minimize the angular velocity and torque of the output shaft, the two joints must be in phase. Therefore, the output shaft angular displacement does not completely follow the input shaft. Instead, it will lead or lag. Figure 3 illustrates the angular velocity variation and peak displacement lead of the gimbal. The ratios are shown below. The correct torque for this application is 1360 in-Ibs.
Refurbished drive shaft
Refurbished driveshafts are a good choice for a number of reasons. They are cheaper than brand new alternatives and generally just as reliable. Driveshafts are essential to the function of any car, truck, or bus. These parts are made of hollow metal tubes. While this helps reduce weight and expense, it is vulnerable to external influences. If this happens, it may crack or bend. If the shaft suffers this type of damage, it can cause serious damage to the transmission.
A car’s driveshaft is a critical component that transmits torque from the engine to the wheels. A1 Drive Shaft is a global supplier of automotive driveshafts and related components. Their factory has the capability to refurbish and repair almost any make or model of driveshafts. Refurbished driveshafts are available for every make and model of vehicle. They can be found on the market for a variety of vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, vans, and SUVs.
Unusual noises indicate that your driveshaft needs to be replaced. Worn U-joints and bushings can cause excessive vibration. These components cause wear on other parts of the drivetrain. If you notice any of these symptoms, please take your vehicle to the AAMCO Bay Area Center for a thorough inspection. If you suspect damage to the driveshaft, don’t wait another minute – it can be very dangerous.
The cost of replacing the drive shaft
The cost of replacing a driveshaft varies, but on average, this repair costs between $200 and $1,500. While this price may vary by vehicle, the cost of parts and labor is generally equal. If you do the repair yourself, you should know how much the parts and labor will cost before you start work. Some parts can be more expensive than others, so it’s a good idea to compare the cost of several locations before deciding where to go.
If you notice any of these symptoms, you should seek a repair shop immediately. If you are still not sure if the driveshaft is damaged, do not drive the car any distance until it is repaired. Symptoms to look for include lack of power, difficulty moving the car, squeaking, clanking, or vibrating when the vehicle is moving.
Parts used in drive shafts include center support bearings, slip joints, and U-joints. The price of the driveshaft varies by vehicle and may vary by model of the same year. Also, different types of driveshafts require different repair methods and are much more expensive. Overall, though, a driveshaft replacement costs between $300 and $1,300. The process may take about an hour, depending on the vehicle model.
Several factors can lead to the need to replace the drive shaft, including bearing corrosion, damaged seals, or other components. In some cases, the U-joint indicates that the drive shaft needs to be replaced. Even if the bearings and u-joints are in good condition, they will eventually break and require the replacement of the drive shaft. However, these parts are not cheap, and if a damaged driveshaft is a symptom of a bigger problem, you should take the time to replace the shaft.
in Nakhon Pathom Thailand sales price shop near me near me shop factory supplier Agricultural Machinery Driving Gear with Gear-Box manufacturer best Cost Custom Cheap wholesaler
With several years’ expertise in these traces, we have been distinguished from other suppliers in China by our advantages in aggressive pricing, on-time delivery, prompt responses, on-hand engineering assist and very good following-revenue providers. Retaining in mind that good service is the important to cooperating with consumers, we strive to satisfy high quality specifications, offer you aggressive charges and ensure prompt shipping. our goods are selling effectively in the American, European, South American and Asian markets. Why choose us?
1. HangEPT XiHu (West EPT) Dis.hu (West EPT) Dis.EPTT EPTT Group EPTT, Ltd. EstabEPTTd in 1991, we have 5 subsidiaries in china and have six subsidiaries abroad XiHu (West EPT) Dis.ngEPTT XiHu (West EPT) Dis.hu (West EPT) Dis.EPTT EPT EPTT, Ltd is one of the subsidiaries of it.
2. We EPTTized in making all types of stXiHu (West EPT) Dis.Hu (West EPT) Dis.rd EPTs and EPTT EPTs, cylinEPTTEPT, stXiHu (West EPT) Dis.Hu (West EPT) Dis.rd amp non-stXiHu (West EPT) Dis.Hu (West EPT) Dis.rd sprocket and EPTT for center amp ligEPTT type car and tractor.
three. We have obtained ISO9001, ISO14001, ISO16969, AAA and API certificates.
four. Our companions amid world prime EPTTrprises, this kind of as JOHNDEERE, NEW HOLLAND, HONDA, EPT, YANMAR, and so on.
EPTnique parameter
Module: 1.5 to three.5
Teeth Variety: twelve to twenty
Pressure Angle: seventeen deg To twenty five deg
O. D: 21 to seventy seven
L(max): 250
EPTTrprice Introduction
XiHu (West EPT) Dis.ngEPTT XiHu (West EPT) Dis.hu (West EPT) Dis.EPTT EPT EPTT, Ltd. A wholly owned subsidiary of HangEPT XiHu (West EPT) Dis.hu (West EPT) Dis.EPTT EPTT Group EPTT, Ltd. Is the professional company of cylinEPTTEPT, stXiHu (West EPT) Dis.Hu (West EPT) Dis.rd amp non stXiHu (West EPT) Dis.Hu (West EPT) Dis.rd sprocket and EPTT for center amp ligEPTT variety vehicle and tractor.
The EPTTrprise possesses more than 500 sets of EPTd equipments for hobbing, shaping, shaving, grinding and screening, and EPTTed UNIC carburizing automatically strains for warmth treatment. Our once-a-year outputs of EPTs, shafts and sprockets are 4 million items and EPTTes are 50, 000 sets. The major merchandise are engine EPT, EPTT EPT, tractor EPT and EPTT EPTT sprocket, which extensively used in center amp ligEPTT sort EPTs, agricultural automobile, tractors and engineering EPTTry and so forth.
Our goods quotFeiyu EPTs quot obtain quotThe Renowned Brand of EPTTngsu Province quot and in 2004 we had been awarded the quotState amount Unit of Valuing Contracts and Trying to keep on Credit rating quot by Condition Administration of Market and Commerce.
EPT good quality, very best support, sensible value, we are inclined to cooperate with all the customers and deveXiHu (West EPT) Dis.Hu (West EPT) Dis. with each other.
